Features of Perpendicular Gothic Architecture
Perpendicular Gothic architecture is renowned for its striking features that set it apart from other Gothic styles. Let’s explore these distinguishing characteristics in detail:
1. Large Windows and Four-Centred Arches
One of the hallmarks of Perpendicular Gothic architecture is the use of expansive windows. These grand openings allow an abundance of natural light to flood the interiors, creating a sense of openness and spaciousness. Unlike the pointed arches commonly found in earlier Gothic styles, Perpendicular architecture features four-centred arches, which are wider and flatter in shape. This distinctive feature lends a sense of stability and solidity to the overall design.
2. Vertical and Horizontal Emphasis
Perpendicular Gothic architecture embraces straight vertical and horizontal lines in its intricate tracery. The vertical mullions rise to the soffit of the window, emphasizing the height and verticality of the structure. Horizontal transoms, often adorned with miniature battlements, further accentuate the overall symmetry and balance of the design. The result is a visually pleasing composition that exudes elegance and precision.
3. Rectangular Paneling and Arches
Regular rectangular paneling is another prominent feature of Perpendicular Gothic architecture. The walls are adorned with intricately carved blind panels that follow the strong vertical and horizontal lines established by the fretwork. This paneling is often surmounted by arches, adding a sense of grandeur and architectural sophistication to the overall aesthetic.
4. Additional Features
Perpendicular Gothic architecture boasts several other noteworthy elements. Low-slung arches and roofs contribute to the overall horizontal emphasis, creating a sense of stability and groundedness. Capped moldings add ornamental flair, enhancing the visual appeal of the structures. Furthermore, the style embraces the use of lierne vaulting and fan vaulting techniques, showcasing intricate and elaborate craftsmanship.
The Evolution of Perpendicular Style
The Perpendicular style underwent a progressive evolution throughout its existence. Let’s explore its key stages and notable examples:
1. Early Examples
The earliest instances of Perpendicular Gothic architecture can be traced back to the 14th century. Notable early examples include the chapter house designed in 1332 by William de Ramsey for the old St Paul’s Cathedral in London. The choir of Gloucester Cathedral (1337-1357) and its 14th-century cloisters also serve as significant early examples, showcasing the development of four-centred arches and lierne vaults.
2. Fan Vaulting and Later Examples
During the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the Perpendicular style reached its zenith. Fan vaulting, an intricate and visually stunning technique, emerged as a defining feature of this period. The chapel of King’s College in Cambridge (1446-1461) and Henry VII’s chapel at Westminster Abbey (1503-1512) stand as magnificent testaments to the mastery of fan vaulting. These structures exemplify the splendor and craftsmanship achieved during the peak of Perpendicular Gothic architecture.
Perpendicular Gothic Architecture in Historical Context
To fully appreciate the significance of Perpendicular Gothic architecture, it is essential to understand its historical context and legacy.
The Per
pendicular style predominantly flourished during the reigns of Richard II (1377-1399) and Henry VIII (1509-1547) in England. However, as the Tudor period unfolded, the Perpendicular style came to be referred to as Tudor and Elizabethan architecture. This transition eventually led to the emergence of Renaissance architecture. Despite this shift, the Perpendicular style continued to exert influence on English architectural identity, leaving an indelible mark on the nation’s heritage.
The Influence and Legacy of Perpendicular Gothic Architecture
Perpendicular Gothic architecture holds a significant place in the history of English and European architecture. Although its dominance waned after the mid-16th century, the Perpendicular style remained prevalent in England. It profoundly influenced the subsequent Tudor and Elizabethan architectural styles, becoming an integral part of their design vocabulary.
The lasting impact of Perpendicular Gothic architecture is evident in the revival of Gothic-inspired designs during the neo-Gothic movement of the 18th century. Architects and designers drew inspiration from the rich artistic and historical value of Perpendicular architecture, leading to the resurgence of Gothic elements in numerous prominent buildings.
